Tsenkerovskyy diverticulum, the external pressure.

S. fauces dysphagia is the most common form of dysphagia in the elderly

and the most common causes of neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease and dementia

. fauces dysphagia can be characterized by difficulties at the beginning of swallowing

and a violation of the transfer of food from the mouth into the esophagus. Fauces

dysphagia leads to increased morbidity and mortality from dehydration, malnutrition and

aspiration pneumonia, and may be associated with depression and deterioration of quality of life. Causes of esophageal dysphagia include dysmotility, treatment strattera, causes inflammatory

(eg, reflux esophagitis), infections (eg candidiasis) and obstacles (eg, esophageal cancer)

diverticulum and rarely tsenkerovskyy, the external pressure. Aspiration refers to the inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract

. Silent aspiration, that is. Aspiration without key clinical symptoms and signs, is

in more than 50% of patients, aspiration. Older people at risk of aspiration treated with

stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, decreased level of consciousness, or severe illness or disability

. aspirate may include food, saliva and gastric contents. Consequences of commitment is

depends on the number, frequency and nature of the atmospheric material, as well as << person >> immune response. Aspiration pneumonitis is a chemical reaction in the parenchyma of the lungs caused by inhalation of sterile

contents of the stomach. Aspiration pneumonia is an infection caused by inhalation

oropharyngeal secretions that are colonized by bacteria. Aspiration pneumonia is

The most common cause of death in patients with dysphagia associated with neurological disorders. Common symptoms include dysphagia food sticking in the throat, coughing or choking, << and >> nasal or oral regurgitation. There is no evidence to support the use of screening protocols

, oropharyngeal dysphagia. The clinical suspicion of aspiration can follow

direction speech therapist to evaluate the swallow, and "modified barium" when

specified. In some cases, the direction may require gastroenterologist or ear, nose and throat specialist

for further research (eg, endoscopy, full barium swallow with video recording capability >> << and pressure gauge). Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia are common clinical signs, which may include

coughing or choking on food, dyspnea, crackling, and signs of consolidation. However, they may show nonspecific signs such as fever or a sudden >> << worsening oxygen saturation (see

). In residents with dysphagia, the risk of aspiration can be reduced to:,

minimize and sedative drugs (eg, associated with dementia, cerbrovascular accident [

dietary modifications (eg, thick liquid instead of a thin liquid)

education and / or controlled by residents in relation to safe swallowing techniques (such as vertical position >> << tucked chin, slowly swallowing)

maneuvers to achieve improved swallowing (eg, supraglottic swallow)

nutritionist directions to optimize food consumption (if necessary and available). Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia slight decrease does not require antibiotics >>. << anesthesia may help patients with pain in the chest and coughing up secretions clear .

There is no evidence to guide treatment of patients with recurrent aspiration pneumonia

secondary to progressive neurodegenerative diseases.

enteral nutrition (nasogastric or hastrostomu

pipes) can provide nutritional support, but it has not been shown to improve >>

, << or prevent aspiration. If enteral nutrition is considered in the hospital, the patient

<< , and its >>

relatives / carers should be involved in decision-making on

beginning, including his

purpose, type and date. Ideally, the question will be discussed as

part of advance care planning >> << to time of crisis, and to consider medical >> << indications, benefits patients' quality of life and contextual features >>. << , nasogastric feeding and hastrostomu can be used

in a relatively short time taken to additional food. It is important that benefits and adverse effects

hastrostomiya long-term feeding carefully considered before insertion and

periodically reviewed, particularly when there are significant changes in health status.

If aspiration pneumonia is a sign that a person enters the terminal stage, the palliative approach

appropriate (see

). << >>